The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model

Feng Yang; Yang Han

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12

| Peer-Reviewed

The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model

Feng Yang, Yang Han

Published in American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 12, Issue 1)

Received: 30 December 2022 Accepted: 25 January 2023 Published: 6 February 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

In China-mainland, the high turnover rate of private kindergarten teachers has long bothered relevant scholars and policymakers. In the current research, we recruited 692 teachers from Chinese private kindergartens as participants, and then used a questionnaire survey to investigate the relationship between the occupation stereotypes held by private kindergarten teachers on their turnover intention and the acting mechanisms between them. The results of data analyses demonstrated a significantly positive correlation between the occupation stereotypes held private kindergarten teachers and their turnover intention, reflecting those private kindergarten teachers with negative occupation stereotypes were more likely to left the organization in future. Further data analyses showed that personal control sense played a partially mediating role between occupation stereotypes and turnover intention, indicating that private kindergarten teachers with stronger occupation stereotypes tended to perceive lower personal control sense and lower personal control sense further enabled them to generate the intention of leaving the organization. Moreover, we also found that the above mentioned mediation was further moderated by the intolerance of uncertainty of participants (IU) — compared to private kindergarten teachers with high IU, those private kindergarten teachers with low IU were more likely to generating the intention of leaving the organization resulting from the low personal control sense induced by their negative occupation stereotypes. The present research firstly demonstrates the significant correlation between occupation stereotypes and turnover intention of kindergarten teachers in China Mainland, and also provides a meaningful guideline for Chinese government to alleviate the separation tendency of private kindergarten teachers.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 12, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12
Page(s)	8-15
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Occupation Stereotypes, Private Kindergarten Teachers, Turnover Intention, Personal Control Sense, Preschool Education

References

[1]	He, J. C., Kang, S. K., Tse, K., & Toh, S. M. (2019). Stereotypes at work: Occupational stereotypes predict race and gender segregation in the workforce. Journal of vocational behavior, 115 (Dec.), 103318.1-103318.17. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103318.
[2]	Li, H., Wang, C. X., & Wong, J. (2011). Early childhood curriculum reform in china. Chinese Education and Society, 44 (6), 5-23.
[3]	Pan Y., Wang X., & Li L. (2018). Early Childhood Education and Development in China. In M. Fleer & B. van Oers (Eds.) International Handbook of Early Childhood Education (pp. 599-622). Springer, Dordrecht. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-0927-7_28.
[4]	Dijksterhuis, A., & Knippenberg, A. V. (1996). The knife that cuts both ways: Facilitated and inhibited access to traits as a result of stereotype activation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 32 (3), 271-288. doi: 10.1006/jesp.1996.0013.
[5]	Fiske, S. T. (1998). Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 357–411). New York: McGraw-Hill.
[6]	Yang, F., Han, Y., & Li, M. (2021). If you believe, it may come true: The relationship and mechanism between self-occupation stereotypes of private kindergarten teachers and their turnover intention in China-Mainland. Frontiers In Psychology, 12, 756099. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756099.
[7]	Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype-activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71 (2), 230-244. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.71.2.230.
[8]	Storage, D., Charlesworth, T., Banaji, M. R., & Cimpian, A. (2020). Adults and children implicitly associate brilliance with men more than women. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104020.
[9]	Ellemers, N. (2018). Gender stereotypes. Annual Review of Psychology, 69 (1), 275-298. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011719.
[10]	Sherman, J. W., Stroessner, S. J., Conrey, F. R., & Azam, O. A. (2005). Prejudice and stereotype maintenance processes: attention, attribution, and individuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89 (4), 607-622. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.607.
[11]	Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory in health care and its relations to motivational interviewing: A few comments. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 24. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-24.
[12]	Fiske, S. T., & E Dépret. (1996). Control, interdependence and power: Understanding social cognition in its social context. European Review of Social Psychology, 7 (1), 31-61. doi: 10.1080/14792779443000094.
[13]	Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., & Keltner, D. (2009). Social class, sense of control, and social explanation. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 97 (6), 992-1004. doi: 10.1037/a0016357.
[14]	Whitson, J. A., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception. Science, 322 (5898), 115-117. doi: 10.1126/science.1159845.
[15]	Chen, C. Y., Lee, L., & Yap, A. J. (2017). Control deprivation motivates acquisition of utilitarian products. Journal of Consumer Research, 43 (6), 1031-1047. doi: 10.1093/jcr/ucw068.
[16]	Carleton, R. N., Norton, M., & Asmundson, G. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the intolerance of uncertainty scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21 (1), 105-117. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014.
[17]	Chen, C. Y., & Hong, R. Y. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty moderates the relation between negative life events and anxiety. Personality & Individual Differences, 49 (1), 49-53. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.006.
[18]	Gorka, S. M., Lieberman, L., Nelson, B. D., Sarapas, C., & Shankman, S. A. (2014). Aversive responding to safety signals in panic disorder: The moderating role of intolerance of uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28 (7), 731-736. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.004.
[19]	Lachman, M. E., & Weaver, S. L. (1998). The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74 (3), 763-773. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.3.763.
[20]	Farh, J. L., Tsui, A. S., & Cheng, X. (1998). The influence of relational demography and guanxi: The Chinese case. Organization Science, 9 (4), 471-488. doi: 10.1287/orsc.9.4.471.
[21]	Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.
[22]	Tang, W., Su, J., Wu, Y., & Sun, F. (2015). The Research on Rural Preschool Teachers of the Relationship between Social Support and Turnover Intention. Teacher Education Research, 27 (6), 66-71.
[23]	Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. M. (1999). Stereotype threat and women's math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35 (1), 4-28. doi: 10.1006/jesp.1998.1373.
[24]	Zhou, X., He, L., Yang, Q., Lao, J., & Baumeister, R. F. (2012). Control deprivation and styles of thinking. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 102 (3), 460-478. doi: 10.1037/a0026316.
[25]	Dasgupta, N., & Asgari, S. (2004). Seeing is believing: Exposure to counter-stereotypic women leaders and its effect on the malleability of automatic gender stereotyping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40 (5), 642-658. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2004.02.003.
[26]	Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82 (6), 878-902. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.878.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Feng Yang, Yang Han. (2023). The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Feng Yang; Yang Han. The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2023, 12(1), 8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Feng Yang, Yang Han. The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model. Am J Appl Psychol. 2023;12(1):8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12,
  author = {Feng Yang and Yang Han},
  title = {The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20231201.12},
  abstract = {In China-mainland, the high turnover rate of private kindergarten teachers has long bothered relevant scholars and policymakers. In the current research, we recruited 692 teachers from Chinese private kindergartens as participants, and then used a questionnaire survey to investigate the relationship between the occupation stereotypes held by private kindergarten teachers on their turnover intention and the acting mechanisms between them. The results of data analyses demonstrated a significantly positive correlation between the occupation stereotypes held private kindergarten teachers and their turnover intention, reflecting those private kindergarten teachers with negative occupation stereotypes were more likely to left the organization in future. Further data analyses showed that personal control sense played a partially mediating role between occupation stereotypes and turnover intention, indicating that private kindergarten teachers with stronger occupation stereotypes tended to perceive lower personal control sense and lower personal control sense further enabled them to generate the intention of leaving the organization. Moreover, we also found that the above mentioned mediation was further moderated by the intolerance of uncertainty of participants (IU) — compared to private kindergarten teachers with high IU, those private kindergarten teachers with low IU were more likely to generating the intention of leaving the organization resulting from the low personal control sense induced by their negative occupation stereotypes. The present research firstly demonstrates the significant correlation between occupation stereotypes and turnover intention of kindergarten teachers in China Mainland, and also provides a meaningful guideline for Chinese government to alleviate the separation tendency of private kindergarten teachers.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model
AU  - Feng Yang
AU  - Yang Han
Y1  - 2023/02/06
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12
T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
SP  - 8
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5672
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12
AB  - In China-mainland, the high turnover rate of private kindergarten teachers has long bothered relevant scholars and policymakers. In the current research, we recruited 692 teachers from Chinese private kindergartens as participants, and then used a questionnaire survey to investigate the relationship between the occupation stereotypes held by private kindergarten teachers on their turnover intention and the acting mechanisms between them. The results of data analyses demonstrated a significantly positive correlation between the occupation stereotypes held private kindergarten teachers and their turnover intention, reflecting those private kindergarten teachers with negative occupation stereotypes were more likely to left the organization in future. Further data analyses showed that personal control sense played a partially mediating role between occupation stereotypes and turnover intention, indicating that private kindergarten teachers with stronger occupation stereotypes tended to perceive lower personal control sense and lower personal control sense further enabled them to generate the intention of leaving the organization. Moreover, we also found that the above mentioned mediation was further moderated by the intolerance of uncertainty of participants (IU) — compared to private kindergarten teachers with high IU, those private kindergarten teachers with low IU were more likely to generating the intention of leaving the organization resulting from the low personal control sense induced by their negative occupation stereotypes. The present research firstly demonstrates the significant correlation between occupation stereotypes and turnover intention of kindergarten teachers in China Mainland, and also provides a meaningful guideline for Chinese government to alleviate the separation tendency of private kindergarten teachers.
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Feng Yang

Department of Teacher Education, Taishan University, Tai’an, China
Yang Han

Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Feng Yang, Yang Han. (2023). The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Feng Yang; Yang Han. The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2023, 12(1), 8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Feng Yang, Yang Han. The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model. Am J Appl Psychol. 2023;12(1):8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12,
  author = {Feng Yang and Yang Han},
  title = {The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20231201.12},
  abstract = {In China-mainland, the high turnover rate of private kindergarten teachers has long bothered relevant scholars and policymakers. In the current research, we recruited 692 teachers from Chinese private kindergartens as participants, and then used a questionnaire survey to investigate the relationship between the occupation stereotypes held by private kindergarten teachers on their turnover intention and the acting mechanisms between them. The results of data analyses demonstrated a significantly positive correlation between the occupation stereotypes held private kindergarten teachers and their turnover intention, reflecting those private kindergarten teachers with negative occupation stereotypes were more likely to left the organization in future. Further data analyses showed that personal control sense played a partially mediating role between occupation stereotypes and turnover intention, indicating that private kindergarten teachers with stronger occupation stereotypes tended to perceive lower personal control sense and lower personal control sense further enabled them to generate the intention of leaving the organization. Moreover, we also found that the above mentioned mediation was further moderated by the intolerance of uncertainty of participants (IU) — compared to private kindergarten teachers with high IU, those private kindergarten teachers with low IU were more likely to generating the intention of leaving the organization resulting from the low personal control sense induced by their negative occupation stereotypes. The present research firstly demonstrates the significant correlation between occupation stereotypes and turnover intention of kindergarten teachers in China Mainland, and also provides a meaningful guideline for Chinese government to alleviate the separation tendency of private kindergarten teachers.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Relationship Between Occupation Stereotypes and Turnover Intention of Private Kindergarten Teachers in China-Mainland: A Moderated Mediation Model
AU  - Feng Yang
AU  - Yang Han
Y1  - 2023/02/06
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12
T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
SP  - 8
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5672
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20231201.12
AB  - In China-mainland, the high turnover rate of private kindergarten teachers has long bothered relevant scholars and policymakers. In the current research, we recruited 692 teachers from Chinese private kindergartens as participants, and then used a questionnaire survey to investigate the relationship between the occupation stereotypes held by private kindergarten teachers on their turnover intention and the acting mechanisms between them. The results of data analyses demonstrated a significantly positive correlation between the occupation stereotypes held private kindergarten teachers and their turnover intention, reflecting those private kindergarten teachers with negative occupation stereotypes were more likely to left the organization in future. Further data analyses showed that personal control sense played a partially mediating role between occupation stereotypes and turnover intention, indicating that private kindergarten teachers with stronger occupation stereotypes tended to perceive lower personal control sense and lower personal control sense further enabled them to generate the intention of leaving the organization. Moreover, we also found that the above mentioned mediation was further moderated by the intolerance of uncertainty of participants (IU) — compared to private kindergarten teachers with high IU, those private kindergarten teachers with low IU were more likely to generating the intention of leaving the organization resulting from the low personal control sense induced by their negative occupation stereotypes. The present research firstly demonstrates the significant correlation between occupation stereotypes and turnover intention of kindergarten teachers in China Mainland, and also provides a meaningful guideline for Chinese government to alleviate the separation tendency of private kindergarten teachers.
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download